SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION
Kingdom : Plantae
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Magnoliidae
Order : Laurales
Family : Lauraceae
Genus : Cinnamomum
Scientific name : Cinnamomum iners Reinw. Ex Bl.
Synonym name : Cinnamomum eucalyptoides T. Nees,
Cinnamomum nitidum Blume,
Cinnamomum paraneuron Miq.
Local name (Vernacular name) : Medang Teja, Medang Kemangi, Teja Badak, Teja Lawang, Kayu Manis
Hutan
English name : Wild Cinnamom
Othes name : Keningau, Mandiapa, Medang (Borneo)
DISTRIBUTION
Thailand,
Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo (Sarawak, Brunei, Sabah, West-,
Central- and East-Kalimantan), Philippines.
ECOLOGY
In
undisturbed to slightly disturbed mixed dipterocarp and sub-montane forests up
to 1400 m altitude. Mostly on hillsides and along rivers. In heavily disturbed
secondary forests usually present as a pre-disturbance remnant tree.
CHEMICAL CONTENTS
- Leaf
Saponin,
terpen and oil. The contents of oil are eugenol, terpen and sinamic aldehid
- Root
Saponin,
terpen, eugenol, sinamic aldehid and safrol.
Bark of stem
Alkaloid,
saponin and terpen.
- Stem
Saponin
and terpen.
MORPHOLOGY
- Diagnostic
characters
Leaves
pink when young, glaucous beneath with three longitudinal veins, crushed fresh
leaves and inner bark with strong smell of cinnamon. Fruit green with yellow
spots when young, dark blue when ripen, calyx lobes present.
- Habit
Evergreen
tree 20-30 m. tall. Crown bushy rounded. Sapwood whitish.
- Trunk and
bark
Trunk
straight, bark smooth and lenticellate, greyish- brown, inner bark pinkish with
strong fragrant smell.
- Branches
and branchlets or twigs
Twigs
brownish sparsely lenticellate.
- Exudates
- Exudate absent.
- Leaves
- Leaves simple, opposite or sub
opposite, 7.5 - 30 by 2.5 - 9 cm. oblong to elliptic, apex pointed, base
usually cuneate, margin entire, blade leathery, slightly brownish when
drying, glaucous above, glabrous on both side.
Three main veins flat above, proeminent below, secondary veins obliquely closely percurrent to midrib. Petiole with very short hairs. Stipules absent
.
- Inflorescences
of flowers Flowers grouped in terminal or
axillary panicles, bisexual, flowers with unpleasant smell.
- Fruits Fruit
is a berry, ellipsoid, 1 – 1.5 cm, long and 0.6-1 cm, wide, dark green
with yellow spots, blackish-violet when ripening, calyx lobes present.
- Seeds One
large seed.
ANATOMICAL DESCRIPTION
- VenationMain
venation close, free-ending vienlets few, unbranched; marginal venation
fimbriate
- EpidermisAdaxial
anticlinal walls thick and wavy, abaxial anticlinal walls wavy; stomata
anomocytic
TS Lamina
Adaxial and abaxial epidermis as high as wide to 11/2 times wider
than high, thick walled, outer wall of abaxial epidermis convex; hypodermis
nil, palisade in 1 layer, spongy mesophyll 4-5 layers of cells, sclereids nils,
crystals: acicular in palisade and spongy mesophyll, oil cells in palisade and
spongy mesophyll; trichomes simple, unicellular oriented horizontally.
- TS Margin
Pointing slightly downwards, slightly tapering, sclerenchyma at
edge
- TS Midrib
Outline: adaxial surface convex, abaxial surface arc-shaped.
Ground tissue: sclerenchyma cells below adaxial and abaxial epidermis. Vascular
tissue: open type, arc-shaped, sclerenchyma sheath nearly continuous, the
adaxial part continuing into sclerenchyma below adaxial epidermis. Trichomes
nil, iol cells in parenchyma tissue; crystals: acicular in parenchyma cells.
- TS Petiole
Outline: adaxial surface nearly straight, abaxial surface rounded;
outer tissue: brachysclereids in ground tissue, parenchyma cells with yellowish
content; oil cells abundant near periphery of petiole. Vascular tissue open
type, arc-shaped, sheath absent, thick-walled fibres/sclereids in phloem;
trichomes simple, unicellular occasionally seen; crystals: acicular and styloid
in parenchyma cells.
USES AND PRODUCTS
- Wood
The wood is used to make joss
sticks, and as a medicine against fever. As a spice it is extremely
variable in quality.
Timber
The timber is insect resistant
and used for house building and cabinet work
- Leaves
Leaves are used for preparing sweet
drinking water in rural areas.
- Various parts
Medicinally
various plant parts are used for child birth complications, fever, rheumatic
poultice,and to relieve flatuence, intestinal and urinary complications.
- Bark
The bark yields an inferior grade of cinnamon but oil distilled
from it and from the leaves can be used for flavouring and for incense sticks.
Tiada ulasan:
Catat Ulasan
Nota: Hanya ahli blog ini sahaja yang boleh mencatat ulasan.