Oleanolic acid or oleanic acid is a naturally occurring triterpenoid,
widely distributed in food and medicinal plants, related to betulinic
acid. It can be found in Phytolacca americana (American pokeweed),
and Syzygium
spp, garlic, etc. It is relatively non-toxic, hepatoprotective,
and exhibits antitumor
and antiviral
properties.[2]
Oleanolic acid was found to exhibit
strong anti-HIV
activity,[3]
the related compound betulinic acid was used to create the first commercial maturation inhibitor drug. It was first
studied and isolated from several plants, including Rosa
woodsii (leaves), Prosopis glandulosa (leaves and twigs), Phordendron juniperinum
(whole plant), Syzygium claviflorum
(leaves), Hyptis capitata (whole
plant), and Ternstromia gymnanthera
(aerial part). Other Syzygium species including java apple (Syzygium samarangense) and rose apples
contain it.
An extremely potent synthetic
triterpenoid analogue of oleanolic acid was found in 2005, that is a powerful
inhibitor of cellular inflammatory processes. They work by the induction by IFN- of inducible nitric oxide synthase
(iNOS) and of cyclooxygenase
2 in mouse macrophages. They are extremely potent inducers of the phase 2 response (e.g.,
elevation of NADH-quinone
oxidoreductase and heme oxygenase 1), which is a major protector of
cells against oxidative
and electrophile
stress
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