Ursolic acid is a pentacyclic triterpene acid, used in cosmetics,[2] that
is also capable of inhibiting various cancer cell types by inhibiting the STAT3 activation
pathway,[3][4] one
of which includes human fibrosarcoma by reducing expression of matrix
metalloproteinase-9 via glucocorticoid
receptors. It may also decrease
proliferation of cancer cells and induce apoptosis.[5]
Ursolic acid is present in many
plants, including apples,
basil, bilberries,
cranberries,
elder
flower, peppermint,
rosemary, lavender, oregano, thyme, hawthorn, and
prunes. Apple
peels contain large quantities of ursolic acid and related compounds.[6]
Ursolic acid can serve as a starting
material for synthesis of more potent bioactive derivatives, such as antitumor
agents.[7]
It has been found to reduce muscle
atrophy and to stimulate muscle growth in mice.[8][9]
Ursolic acid has potential use as a cardioprotective
compound.[10]
Ursolic acid has been shown to
increase the amount of muscle and brown fat and decrease white fat obesity and associated conditions
when added to diets fed to mice.[12]
Other names for ursolic acid include
3-beta-3-hydroxy-urs-12-ene-28-oic-acid, 3-β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid,
urson, prunol, and malol.
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